This is a quick reference cheat sheet for CSS goodness, listing selector syntax, properties, units and other u.
CSS is rich in capabilities and is more than simply laying out pages.
<link href="./path/to/stylesheet/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<style>
body {
background-color: linen;
}
</style>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">Centered text</h2>
<p style="color: blue; font-size: 18px;">Blue, 18-point text</p>
<div class="classname"></div>
<div class="class1 ... classn"></div>
Support multiple classes on one element.
.post-title {
color: blue !important;
}
Overrides all previous styling rules.
h1 { }
#job-title { }
div.hero { }
div > p { }
See:
color: #2a2aff;
color: green;
color: rgb(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: hsla(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
See:
background-color: blue;
background-image: url("nyan-cat.gif");
background-image: url("../image.png");
See:
.page-title {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 30px;
font-family: "Courier New";
}
See:
.box {
position: relative;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
}
See also: Position
animation: 300ms linear 0s infinite;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite;
See:
/* This is a single line comment */
/* This is a
multi-line comment */
div {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
div {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-start;
}
See: Flex Tricks
#container {
display: grid;
grid: repeat(2, 60px) / auto-flow 80px;
}
#container > div {
background-color: #8ca0ff;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
}
See:
counter-set: subsection;
counter-increment: subsection;
counter-reset: subsection 0;
:root {
--bg-color: brown;
}
element {
background-color: var(--bg-color);
}
See:
h1, h2 {
color: red;
}
h3.section-heading {
color: blue;
}
div[attribute="SomeValue"] {
background-color: red;
}
p:first-child {
font-weight: bold;
}
.box:empty {
background: lime;
height: 80px;
width: 80px;
}
* — All elements
div — All div tags
.classname — All elements with class
#idname — Element with ID
div,p — All divs and paragraphs
#idname * — All elements inside #idname
See also: Type / Class / ID / Universal selectors
div.classname — Div with certain classname
div#idname — Div with certain ID
div p — Paragraphs inside divs
div > p — All p tagsone level deep in div
div + p — P tags immediately after div
div ~ p — P tags preceded by div
See also: Adjacent / Sibling / Child selectors
a[target] — With a target attribute
a[target="_blank"] — Open in new tab
a[href^="/index"] — Starts with /index
[class|="chair"] — Starts with chair
[class*="chair"] — containing chair
[title~="chair"] — Contains the word chair
a[href$=".doc"] — Ends with .doc
[type="button"] — Specified type
See also: Attribute selectors
a:link — Link in normal state
a:active — Link in clicked state
a:hover — Link with mouse over it
a:visited — Visited link
p::after — Add content after p
p::before — Add content before p
p::first-letter — First letter in p
p::first-line — First line in p
::selection — Selected by user
::placeholder — Placeholder attribute
:root — Documents root element
:target — Highlight active anchor
div:empty — Element with no children
p:lang(en) — P with en language attribute
:not(span) — Element that's not a span
input:checked — Checked inputs
input:disabled — Disabled inputs
input:enabled — Enabled inputs
input:focus — Input has focus
input:in-range — Value in range
input:out-of-range — Input value out of range
input:valid — Input with valid value
input:invalid — Input with invalid value
input:optional — No required attribute
input:required — Input with required attribute
input:read-only — With readonly attribute
input:read-write — No readonly attribute
input:indeterminate — With indeterminate state
p:first-child — First child
p:last-child — Last child
p:first-of-type — First of some type
p:last-of-type — Last of some type
p:nth-child(2) — Second child of its parent
p:nth-child(3n42) — Nth-child (an + b) formula
p:nth-last-child(2) — Second child from behind
p:nth-of-type(2) — Second p of its parent
p:nth-last-of-type(2) — ...from behind
p:only-of-type — Unique of its parent
p:only-child — Only child of its parent
font-family: — <font>
font-size: — <size>
letter-spacing: — <size>
line-height: — <number>
font-weight: — <number> / bold / normal
font-style: — italic / normal
text-decoration: — underline / none
text-align: — left / rightcenter / justify
text-transform: — capitalize / uppercase / lowercase
See also: Font
font: — italic — 400 — 14px — / — 1.5 — sans-serif
— style — weight — size (required) — — line-height — family (required)
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 12pt;
letter-spacing: 0.02em;
/* Hello */
text-transform: capitalize;
/* HELLO */
text-transform: uppercase;
/* hello */
text-transform: lowercase;
@font-face {
font-family: 'Glegoo';
src: url('../Glegoo.woff');
}
color: red;
color: orange;
color: tan;
color: rebeccapurple;
color: #090;
color: #009900;
color: #090a;
color: #009900aa;
color: rgb(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: rgba(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: rgb(34 12 64 / 0.6);
color: rgba(34 12 64 / 0.3);
color: rgb(34.0 12 64 / 60%);
color: rgba(34.6 12 64 / 30%);
color: hsl(30, 100%, 50%, 0.6);
color: hsla(30, 100%, 50%, 0.6);
color: hsl(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
color: hsla(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
color: hsl(30.0 100% 50% / 60%);
color: hsla(30.2 100% 50% / 60%);
color: inherit;
color: initial;
color: unset;
color: transparent;
color: currentcolor; /* keyword */
background: — (Shorthand)
background-color: — See: Colors
background-image: — url(...)
background-position: — left/center/righttop/center/bottom
background-size: — cover X Y
background-clip: — border-boxpadding-boxcontent-box
background-repeat: — no-repeatrepeat-xrepeat-y
background-attachment: — scroll/fixed/local
background: — #ff0 — url(a.jpg) — left — top — / — 100px auto — no-repeat — fixed;
background: — #abc — url(b.png) — center — center — / — cover — repeat-x — local;
— color — image — posX — posY — — size — repeat — attach..
background: url(img_man.jpg) no-repeat center;
background: url(img_flwr.gif) right bottom no-repeat, url(paper.gif) left top repeat;
background: rgb(2,0,36);
background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2,0,36,1) 0%, rgba(13,232,230,1) 35%, rgba(0,212,255,1) 100%);
.column {
max-width: 200px;
width: 500px;
}
See also: max-width / min-width / max-height / min-height
.block-one {
margin: 20px;
padding: 10px;
}
See also: Margin / Padding
.container {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
See also: Box-sizing
.invisible-elements {
visibility: hidden;
}
See also: Visibility
div {
margin: auto;
}
See also: Margin
.small-block {
overflow: scroll;
}
See also: Overflow
animation: — bounce — 300ms — linear — 100ms — infinite — alternate-reverse — both — reverse
— name — duration — timing-function — delay — count — direction — fill-mode — play-state
animation: — (shorthand)
animation-name: — <name>
animation-duration: — <time>ms
animation-timing-function: — ease / linear / ease-in / ease-out / ease-in-out
animation-delay: — <time>ms
animation-iteration-count: — infinite / <number>
animation-direction: — normal / reverse / alternate / alternate-reverse
animation-fill-mode: — none / forwards / backwards / both / initial / inherit
animation-play-state: — normal / reverse / alternate / alternate-reverse
See also: Animation
/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay |
iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */
animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | name */
animation: 3s linear 1s slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | name */
animation: 3s slidein;
animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye;
animation: bounce 300ms linear 0s infinite normal;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite alternate-reverse;
animation: bounce 300ms linear 2s infinite alternate-reverse forwards normal;
.one('webkitAnimationEnd oanimationend msAnimationEnd animationend')
.container {
display: flex;
}
.container > div {
flex: 1 1 auto;
}
.container {
display: flex;
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: row; /* ltr - default */
flex-direction: row-reverse; /* rtl */
flex-direction: column; /* top-bottom */
flex-direction: column-reverse; /* bottom-top */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* one-line */
flex-wrap: wrap; /* multi-line */
align-items: flex-start; /* vertical-align to top */
align-items: flex-end; /* vertical-align to bottom */
align-items: center; /* vertical-align to center */
align-items: stretch; /* same height on all (default) */
justify-content: flex-start; /* [xxx ] */
justify-content: center; /* [ xxx ] */
justify-content: flex-end; /* [ xxx] */
justify-content: space-between; /* [x x x] */
justify-content: space-around; /* [ x x x ] */
justify-content: space-evenly; /* [ x x x ] */
}
.container > div {
/* This: */
flex: 1 0 auto;
/* Is equivalent to this: */
flex-grow: 1;
flex-shrink: 0;
flex-basis: auto;
order: 1;
align-self: flex-start; /* left */
margin-left: auto; /* right */
}
.container {
display: flex;
}
.container > div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: auto;
}
.container {
display: flex;
/* vertical */
align-items: center;
/* horizontal */
justify-content: center;
}
.container > .top {
order: 1;
}
.container > .bottom {
order: 2;
}
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.container > .top {
flex: 0 0 100px;
}
.container > .content {
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
A fixed-height top bar and a dynamic-height content area.
.container {
display: flex;
}
/* the 'px' values here are just suggested percentages */
.container > .checkbox { flex: 1 0 20px; }
.container > .subject { flex: 1 0 400px; }
.container > .date { flex: 1 0 120px; }
This creates columns that have different widths, but size accordingly according to the circumstances.
.container {
align-items: center;
}
Vertically-center all items.
.menu > .left { align-self: flex-start; }
.menu > .right { align-self: flex-end; }
#grid-container {
display: grid;
width: 100px;
grid-template-columns: 20px 20% 60%;
}
.grid {
display: grid;
width: 100px;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 60px 1fr;
}
/*The distance between rows is 20px*/
/*The distance between columns is 10px*/
#grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-gap: 20px 10px;
}
#grid-container {
display: block;
}
CSS syntax:
grid-row: grid-row-start / grid-row-end;
.item {
grid-row: 1 / span 2;
}
#grid-container {
display: inline-grid;
}
.grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(100px, 500px) 100px;
}
CSS syntax:
grid-row-start: auto|row-line; grid-row-end: auto|row-line|span n;
grid-row-start: 2;
grid-row-end: span 2;
grid-row-gap: length;
Any legal length value, like px or %. 0 is the default value
.item1 {
grid-area: 2 / 1 / span 2 / span 3;
}
#container {
display: grid;
justify-items: center;
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
grid-gap: 10px;
}
.item {
grid-area: nav;
}
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
'nav nav . .'
'nav nav . .';
}
#grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-items: start;
}
.grid-items {
justify-self: end;
}
The grid items are positioned to the right (end) of the row.
#container {
display: grid;
align-items: start;
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
grid-gap: 10px;
}
Define CSS Variable
:root {
--first-color: #16f;
--second-color: #ff7;
}
Variable Usage
#firstParagraph {
background-color: var(--first-color);
color: var(--second-color);
}
See also: CSS Variable
/* Set "my-counter" to 0 */
counter-set: my-counter;
/* Increment "my-counter" by 1 */
counter-increment: my-counter;
/* Decrement "my-counter" by 1 */
counter-increment: my-counter -1;
/* Reset "my-counter" to 0 */
counter-reset: my-counter;
See also: Counter set
body { counter-reset: section; }
h3::before {
counter-increment: section;
content: "Section." counter(section);
}
ol {
counter-reset: section;
list-marker-type: none;
}
li::before {
counter-increment: section;
content: counters(section, ".") " ";
}
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}